Countries infested with khapra beetle countries designated by the usda as having endemic khapra beetle and considered as high risk for introduction include the following. Border authorities find invasive khapra beetles in bag of seeds. Mid this article has been rated as midimportance on the projects importance scale. Department of agricultures animal and plant health inspection service aphis has established restrictions on the importation of commercial and noncommercial shipments of. Many ships harbour endemic populations, larvae remaining concealed behind paint or rust scale, and because of its notoriety the species is on the quarantine pest list of. Several studies predict possible establishment of the khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium. The khapra beetle trogoderma granarium, a small beetle native to the indian subcontinent, is a serious pest in most parts of the world. Seizure of khapra beetle infested cumin in us may bring exports down 28 mar, 2016, 08. Trogoderma granarium, the khapra beetle zoology for ias. Jun 01, 2017 on may 19, cbp agriculture specialists inspected a shipment labeled foodstuff and rice from bangladesh and discovered one live larva of what appeared to be khapra beetle inside the seam of the rice bags. The khapra beetle is under strict quarantine from the united states. Small brown beetles, larvae or cast skins infesting grain, dried food and cereal products.
It is unique among dermestids because the larvae feed on stored grain. Regulatory control of khapra beetle the following list of references includes many from myers and hagstrum 20 and additional references, websites and annotations are included to expand upon their summary. Khapra beetle is within the scope of wikiproject beetles, an attempt to better organize information in articles related to beetles. The pest interception was submitted to the local usda plant inspection station, which positively identified it as khapra beetle. Apart from the destruction of grain dry products by khapra beetle, ingesting products. Trogoderma granarium is native to an area extending from burma to west africa. New approaches for tackling the khapra beetle request pdf. Khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium interceptions and. The khapra beetle is one of the most destructive pests of whole grain and cereal products in warmer areas of the world, particularly north africa and the indian subcontinent. It has been reported that it was distributed in southeast asia, the middle east, north africa, europe, china, japan, korea, philippines, australia and madagascar, and has become established in most of those countries.
A woman traveling from iraq to a detroitarea airport was found to be carrying seeds infested with an invasive beetle. Live khapra beetle larvae detected in personal effects u. Ten newly emerged adults irrespective of sex were kept separately in a. Any place in the home where you have found khapra beetles to be active. The eggs of the khapra beetle are cylindrical with one end more rounded and the other more pointed, about 0. Khapra beetle trogoderma granarium is a serious pest of stored grain and dry foodstuffs worldwide. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium, is a voracious feeder of stored products and is considered one of the most important quarantine pests globally. The khapra beetle, considered to be one of the worlds most destructive pests of grain products and seeds, probably originated from regions now including india and bangladesh, but has since spread to other areas including northern and eastern africa, southern europe and the mediterranean region, the mideast, and east into asia. Life cycle mated females live 47 days, while unmated females live from 2030 days. The pest risk assessment of the khapra beetle conducted by the united states department of agriculture, animal and plant health inspection service, plant protection and quarantine usda, aphis, ppq, addresses the likelihood of the beetle becoming established in the united states, the economic consequences of khapra beetle infestation in the us. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts hilgardia. This pest may also show up in a variety of locations that are not obvious food sources such as burlap bags, corrugated boxes where they feed on the glue and animal hides.
Start this article has been rated as startclass on the projects quality scale. The adult beetle is brown in color and small, between 23 millimeters long. The common warehouse beetle is often present in warehouses and may overwhelm khapra beetle traps. Pdf concern has been expressed that stored grain pests especially the khapra beetle has posed serious threat to global food. Description top of page larva the larvae are typically very hairy. Fit the decoy sticky trap with one of the khapra beetle lures and hang it high in the open headspace of the building.
Trogoderma granarium everts, the khapra beetle, is one of the most. The khapra beetle trogoderma granarium, which originated in south asia, is one of the worlds most destructive pests of grain products and seeds. It can cause losses of up to 75% from direct feeding. Pdf khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. Dermestidae 2 by commerce into some areas of similar climatic conditions anonymous 1981. While khapra beetle is not known to occur in the u. Khapra beetle at center for environmental and regulatory information systems. Its ability to survive for long periods under extreme conditions facilitates its spread through international commerce, which has led to invasions of new geographic regions. Jan 31, 2017 however, little is available on this key issue for invertebrates, especially for species of the order coleoptera. Khapra beetle trogoderma granarium considered one of the most destructive pests that has great economic importance because of starvation capability for three years and has best survival rate at low humidity. Head is small bearing sharp, mandibulate mouth parts and short, capitate antennae. Khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera.
Usda is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Once identified, treatments will have to be regular and become part of their overall active integrated pest control program. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium, is a voracious feeder of stored products and is considered one of the most important quarantine pests. Khapra beetle simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Dermestidae is a serious pest of stored grains and stored products groundnut, cotton, barley, rice. Dangerous and invasive khapra beetle intercepted at pearson. Spicisetae of various lengths are arranged over the dorsal surface and a brush of long spicisetae on the ninth abdominal segment projects posteriorly like a tail. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, a serious pest of stored grains and other food products in india and elsewhere, has recently been found in 23 counties of california, arizona, and new mexico. The beetle occurs in hot, dry conditions, predictably in areas which, for at least 4 months of the year, have a mean temperature. Khapra beetle trogoderma granarium what is khapra beetle. Biology and control of the khapra beetle, trogoderma. Biology and control of the khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium, a. The number of larval instars was examined and studied by direct counting of larval moults under the highpower microscope. The khapra beetle is one of the most dangerous pests of grain and products.
The biscuit beetle trogoderma granarium, also called cabinet beetle, which originated in. Khapra beetle and associated host material are regulated by the usda under authority of 7 cfr 319. Native to india, khapra beetle has spread to other countries in africa, the middle east. May 21, 2010 the khapra beetle is an extremely serious pest of grain and other stored products. This includes garages, basements, laundry rooms and pantries. Khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts edis university of. Excellent monitoring device which should be used in conjunction with the other treatments listed in our on line article. Damage and symptoms khapra beetle causes huge grain loss and destroys stored grains in a short time. Trogoderma variable is a strong flyer, unlike khapra beetle, which does not fly. Cabinet beetle infestations warehouses or grain processing plants which have cabinet beetle activity should monitor hot points and identify where the beetle is most active.
It is very resilient and can survive in stored food, packaging and transport facilities in very low numbers under difficult conditions. Life cycle, morphometrics and damage assessment of the khapra beetle 7 stage by daily observation. There are approximately 500 to 700 species worldwide. In the present study, we highlighted the presence of four populationlevel lateralized mating traits in the mating behaviour of an alien and invasive pest of stored products, the khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium dermestidae. It is a member of the dermestid family and is a voracious feeder of grain products. Khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts insecta. Young larvae feed on damaged seeds, while the older larvae feed on whole grains. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, is one of the worlds. It is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world. Afghanistan niger algeria nigeria bangladesh oman burkina faso upper volta pakistan cyprus palestinian authority, west bank egypt qatar. The insect is capable of hiding in cracks and staying in diapause for years.
We are adopting as a final rule, with changes, an interim rule that amended the khapra beetle regulations by adding additional regulated articles and regulated countries, updating the regulations to reflect changes in industry practices and country names that have changed since the regulations. The pointy end has a number of spinelike projections. Usdaaphis inspects cargo ships and cargo from khapra beetle infested areas and warehouses containing cargo from those areas. Dermestidae are a family of coleoptera that are commonly referred to as skin beetles. And once the insect buries itself inside a shipment, it. Khapra beetle is a biosecurity risk or quarantine pest to many countries where it is not present. It thrives on hot, dry conditions and has proved exceptionally difficult to control.
Research work revealed that stored grain pests pose serious threats to stored food commodities and cause economic losses. They are known as dirty feeders because they spoil more grain than they eat with shed larval and pupal skin, broken body parts and hair george and paul 2010. Multiple behavioural asymmetries impact male mating success. Other common names include larder beetle, hide or leather beetles, carpet beetles, and khapra beetles. Khapra beetle factsheet primary industries and regions sa. Information regarding the beetle s behavior in nonhuman environments is limited. Border authorities find invasive beetles in seed bag. Adult, larva, and larval skins of the khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, and the damage caused by the larvae. Khapra beetle trogoderma granarium is one of the most serious pests of stored grain products, especially under hot and dry conditions. Its northern most range extends to the 35 parallel and to the equator to the south. Infested grain also becomes contaminated with beetles, cast skins and hairs from larvae, which can be a health risk and are. Photograph by annesophie roy, european and mediterranean plant protection organization.
976 276 896 857 1389 1257 157 32 445 810 1170 942 678 1471 1135 219 723 309 20 462 1399 977 183 1256 527 1283 81 405 354 393 445 229 886 557 854 1306 262 485 1135 1175 195